Showing posts with label foreknowledge. Show all posts
Showing posts with label foreknowledge. Show all posts

Tuesday, November 6, 2018

On Being Jesus and Beyond



This morning I was thinking about what it would have been like to be Jesus. If he was fully God, as many assert, then from a young age he would have known every single thing he would do and say for the rest of his earthly life. Can you imagine knowing when you are two years old that when you turn 33 you are going to experience a brutal death on the cross? And can you imagine going through life having no choice but to do those things you foresee lest you prove yourself unworthy of Godhood by not having perfect foresight of the future?

On the other hand, having perfect foreknowledge could be fun. Just imagine never having to study for an exam and still getting a C% on every exam and straight Alpha’s on every report card. Think how you could handle those bullies who always want to pick a fight. You could dodge every punch and kick and win the fight through attrition without ever mustering a blow. You could be the greatest mentalist of all. Of course, you could only do those things if your foreknowledge allowed them. If your foreknowledge said you had to miss some questions on an exam, get Beta’s or Gamma’s on your report card, or take a few blows from the bullies, then you’d have to make sure those things happened.

On the other hand, perhaps God relinquished some of his powers when taking on a human form. Perhaps Jesus did not have perfect foreknowledge. After all, he was different from God when it came to other things such as pain. He bled like a human which God supposedly doesn’t do as a spiritual being. But if Jesus had fewer powers than God, then isn’t it true he was not God, but rather a human? You might ask, “But what about the miracles he performed?” Well, the apostles performed miracles. So did a number of people in the Old Testament. If performing miracles is proof one is God, then all these other miracle workers were God also. But I don’t know anyone who believes that.

You might be thinking, “Jesus was God because he was God before taking on human form. He just chose to take on a human form and give up his Godly powers for the benefit of humankind.” Perhaps so, but if God can choose to relinquish his powers when taking on a human form, cannot he choose to do so while in spiritual form? I have heard a number of people say that if the being we call God is not omnipotent (having all powers), omnipresent (being everywhere at once throughout all time), and omniscient (knowing all things and knowing everything that happens everywhere throughout all time), then that being is not really God. To me, this seems to be rather presumptuous. Who are we to tell God what attributes he must possess? Rather, shouldn’t God himself be allowed to choose who he will be and what attributes he will claim for himself?

Here’s a thought. Perhaps the primary attribute of God is his ability to choose. Choose how he will create. Choose what he will know. Choose where to be at any given time. Choose how he will interact with his creation. Quantum theory has shown us that at its base level, the Universe is probabilistic rather than deterministic. For example, electrons aren’t fixed particles with fixed positions and momentums, but rather a probability field. You might call this limited determinism or restrained chaos. If this view of the Universe is correct, it implies that God created a Universe whose future cannot be known with certainty. Perhaps he did this on purpose, not wanting to be bored for billions of years by knowing everything that was going to happen. If you want to get a sense of how utterly boring living in a totally predictable Universe can be, watch the old episode of The Twilight Zone entitled “A Nice Place to Visit”.

The current understanding of our Universe is that it consists of a multitude of invisible fields. No, sports fans, not football fields or baseball fields or soccer fields, but rather quark fields, lepton fields, and boson fields. These fields interact with each other to produce what we perceive to be matter and energy. And thanks to Albert Einstein, we know that these two things are interchangeable via the formula E=mc2. But what we perceive as particles are actually bundles of probability, thus unpredictable in a deterministic way. Given that everything in the Universe is made up of these fields, that means our brains are made up of these fields as well. Yet, it seems that somehow we are able to make choices. But how? Could it be that the interactions of the fields as embodied by a brain have some sort of feedback that allows us to “nudge” the probabilities in such a way as to make them fall on the choice we want? Whatever is going on, we perceive we can take in information and make freewill choices that are non-deterministic. We also perceive we are conscious beings. Could it be that being made in the image of God means being given the ability to make choices. Choices that are limited by our physical nature, but choices nonetheless.

Here’s another thought. If the invisible fields that make up our Universe can interact in such a way as to make brains capable of knowledge, emotions, and choices, could it be that all the interactions throughout the entirety of these fields in the whole Universe makes one humongous super-brain that is much more capable than any one brain. And perhaps it is this super-brain that sustains everything. Perhaps that super-brain is what we call God.

Romans 1:20
For since the creation of the world God’s invisible qualities—his eternal power and divine nature—have been clearly seen, being understood from what has been made, so that people are without excuse.

Acts 17:27-28
God did this so that they would seek him and perhaps reach out for him and find him, though he is not far from any one of us. ‘For in him we live and move and have our being.’ As some of your own poets have said, ‘We are his offspring.’

Monday, February 21, 2011

God’s Perfect Foreknowledge and Free Will

Recently I posted a couple of comments on Facebook that indirectly questioned whether or not free will can exist if God has perfect foreknowledge of every single detail of the Universe. Here are the comments:

1. If God knew a billion years ago that I was going to eat chicken salad for lunch today, is it possible for me to choose roast beef instead?

2. If God knew 100 billion years ago that I was going to eat cereal today, then could he have created the Universe in such a way where I would never exist?

I have thought a lot about the idea of God’s foreknowledge and free will. I cannot help but conclude that if God has perfect foreknowledge of everything that will happen in the Universe, then free will does not exist.

Take the first comment above. If God knew absolutely positively that I was going to eat chicken salad for lunch today, then I really cannot choose any alternative food. If I did, then I would prove God’s foreknowledge is not perfect, but rather flawed, as is our human foreknowledge. When I say this to people who believe in both God’s perfect foreknowledge and free will, they usually respond, “No, you still have free will. It’s just that God knew ahead of time what your free will choice was going to be.” Okay, I can kind of see that reasoning, although it is troublesome. That would mean that even though God knew ahead of time what Hitler, Stalin, murderers, and child molesters were going to do, he created them anyway.

But wait! If God knew ahead of time what Hitler was going to do, then was it even possible for God to create the Universe in such a way that Hitler would never exist. That too would negate God having perfect foreknowledge. This is where the second comment above comes in. If God knows ahead of time what any person is going to do, then can God create a Universe that excludes that person? I wouldn’t think so.

Let’s take this even further. If God knows in advance every single particle in the Universe and where it will be at any given moment, then could God have created a Universe any different than the one we observe? Again, I don’t think so. So, in the end, the thing that is most troublesome about God having perfect foreknowledge is that his own foreknowledge would limit his own free will. Consider the following.

God is alone; he has not yet created the Universe. He decides to look into the future to determine how things will unfold. He sees a Universe that contains a galaxy that will later be known as the Milky Way. In that galaxy, a star system will exist that has a planet that will later be called Earth. On that Earth will come to exist many billions of people over many generations. He sees what everyone of them will do at every moment in time. Now it comes time for God to create the Universe. Does he have any choice as to how he will create it? If yes, then he can negate his own foreknowledge, which makes it imperfect. If no, then God himself has no free will as he must follow every foreknown action. This seems too limiting for God.

Let me suggest another model for God’s foreknowledge. Suppose God has the ability to see every possible chain of events stemming from every possible free will decision. Thus, God could see how every possible Universe would work and how every possible decision by humans with free will would alter the course of the Universe. He did not know ahead of time the exact path that the Universe would take. But he did know every possible path, the number of which would be very close to infinity.

Yes, I think I like that idea.
-